Green fractionation and hydrolysis of fish meal to improve their techno-functional properties.

A green strategy employing water as solvent has been adopted to obtain protein hydrolysates from fish meal (FM), its water-soluble fraction (WSP), and its non-water-soluble fraction (NSP). The techno-functional properties of the hydrolysates have been investigated and compared to hydrolysates obtained with Alcalase®. In general, SWH hydrolysates presented higher content of free amino acids and higher degree of hydrolysis, which reflected on the molecular size distribution. However, Alcalase® hydrolysates presented better solubility (from 74 ± 4% for NSP at pH = 2 up to 99 ± 1% for WSP at pH = 4-7). According to fluorescence experiments, FM and NSP hydrolysates showed the highest surface hydrophobicity, which has been related to better emulsifying properties and higher emulsion stability. The emulsions stabilized with 2%wt. of SWH-treated NSP showed the smallest particle sizes, with D[4,3] = 155 nm at day 0, and good stability, with D[4,3] = 220 nm at day 7, proving that water fractionation followed by SWH treatment is a good method to improve the techno-functional properties of the hydrolysates.

Cooling rate modifies the location of aquaporin 3 in spermatozoa of sheep and goat.

The freeze-thawing process induces osmotic changes that may affect the membrane domain location of aquaporins' (AQP) in spermatozoa. Recent studies suggest that changes in AQP3 localization allows better sperm osmo-adaptation, improving the cryoresistance. Ultra-rapid freezing is an alternative cryopreservation technique that requires less equipment than conventional freezing, and it is faster, simpler and can be used in the field. This study aimed to determine the influence of freezing-thawing rates (slow (control) vs. ultra-rapid) on AQP3 expression and location in the spermatozoa from small ruminants (sheep and goats) and its relationship with sperm cryo-damage. Spermatozoa were collected from 10 Merino rams and 10 Murciano-Granadina bucks. The presence and distribution of AQP3 were assessed by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry (ICC), employing a commercial rabbit polyclonal antibody. Sperm motility was CASA system-analyzed, and membrane and acrosome integrity assessed by fluorescence (PI/PNA-FITC). Western blotting did not detect a significant effect of freezing-thawing rate on the amount of AQP3 while ICC found freezing-thawing rate affecting AQP3 location (P < 0.05). In both species, the percentages of spermatozoa showing AQP3 in the post-acrosome region, mid-piece, and principal piece of the tail were greater in samples cryopreserved by slow freezing-thawing (control) than ultra-rapid freezing-thawing rates (P < 0.05). Spermatozoa cryopreserved using ultra-rapid freezing-thawing showed decrease motility, plasma membrane, and acrosome integrity (P < 0.05), which might be related, at least in part, to a lower expression of AQP3. In conclusion, the cooling rate modifies the location of AQP3 in spermatozoa of sheep and goat, which might be associated with sperm cryosurvival.

A new hope for vascular access, modifying a new technique: The Surfacer® Inside-Out Access Catheter System and sharp recanalization.

Vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis (HD) continues to be the keystone of the technique's success. The first option should be an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG), although in some scenarios the only possibility available is a central venous catheter, which could lead to an increase in vascular complications such as thoracic central vein occlusion (TCVO), becoming a challenge for physicians. If conventional therapies cannot be performed, a new device called the Surfacer® Inside-Out® Access Catheter System (IOA) (Bluegrass Vascular Technologies, San Antonio, TX, USA) arises as a promising alternative. Here we describe the case of a patient in which we performed a combination of two techniques: sharp recanalization plus Surfacer® Inside-Out® Access Catheter System.

Long-term use of somatostatin analogs for chronic gastrointestinal bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Background: Chronic bleeding due to gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in patients with hemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia (HHT) can provoke severe anemia with high red blood cells (RBC) transfusion requirements. However, the evidence about how to deal with these patients is scarce. We aimed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of somatostatin analogs (SA) for anemia management in HHT patients with GI involvement. Methods: This is a prospective observational study including patients with HHT and GI involvement attended at a referral center. SA were considered for those patients with chronic anemia. Anemia-related variables were compared in patients receiving SA before and during treatment. Patients receiving SA were divided into responders (patients with minimal hemoglobin levels improvement >10 g/L and maintaining hemoglobin levels ≥80 g/L during treatment), and non-responders. Adverse effects during follow-up were collected. Results: Among 119 HHT patients with GI involvement, 67 (56.3%) received SA. These patients showed lower minimal hemoglobin levels (73 [60-87] vs. 99 [70.2-122.5], p < 0.001), and more RBC transfusion requirements (61.2% vs. 38.5%, p = 0.014) than patients without SA therapy. Median treatment period was 20.9 ± 15.2 months. During treatment, there was a statistically significant improvement in minimum hemoglobin levels (94.7 ± 29.8 g/L vs. 74.7 ± 19.7, p < 0.001) and a reduction of patients with minimal hemoglobin levels <80 g/L (39 vs. 61%, p = 0.007) and RBC transfusions requirement (33.9% vs. 59.3%, p < 0.001). Sixteen (23.9%) patients showed mild adverse effects, mostly diarrhea or abdominal pain, leading to treatment discontinuation in 12 (17.9%) patients. Fifty-nine patients were eligible for efficacy assessment and 32 (54.2%) of them were considered responders. Age was associated with non-responder patients, OR 95% CI; 1.070 (1.014-1.130), p = 0.015. Conclusion: SA can be considered a long-term effective and safe option for anemia management in HHT patients with GI bleeding. Older age is associated with poorer response.

A pilot randomized controlled trial on the utility of gastric conditioning in the prevention of esophagogastric anastomotic leak after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. The APIL_2013 Trial.

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage (AL) after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preoperative gastric conditioning (GC) improves blood perfusion of the gastroplasty, one of the most important factors for anastomotic viability. This pilot randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the feasibility of GC before oesophageal surgery in patients with oesophageal cancer or Siewert I-II esophagogastric junction cancer, who required an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized (1:1), open-label, single-centre, controlled, parallel-group, pilot clinical trial. Two study groups: 1) GC-group: patients who underwent an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy and GC before surgery; 2) Surgery alone (SA)-group: patients who underwent only Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Feasibility was assessed by means of the number of patients in whom a GC was performed, and the cumulative incidence of postoperative AL. Secondary endpoints were conduit necrosis (CN), hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, and anastomotic stricture. RESULTS: Between 2015 and 2018, 38 patients were randomized and analysed: 20 to GC-group and 18 to SA-group. 17 GCs (85%) were successfully performed, right gastric artery occlusion failed in three patients. Morbidity after GC occurred in 5/22 patients (all Clavien-Dindo ≤ IIIa). The cumulative incidence of AL was 15.0% (3/20, 95%CI: 5.2-36.0%) in GC-group and 33.3% (6/18, 95%CI: 16.3-56.3%) in SA-group, p-value: 0.184. CN: 0/20 vs. 1/18 (p-value: 0.474); surgical morbidity (Clavien-Dindo III-V): 7/20 vs. 12/18 (p-value: 0.070); hospital stay (median [range] days): 12 [9-45] vs. 27.5 [10-166] (p-value: 0.067). When only successful GCs (three arteries) were included for analysis, ischemia-related gastric conduit failure (AL and CN) was lower in the GC group (p-value: 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative arteriographic GC before Ivor Lewis esophagectomy is a feasible and safe procedure and seems it may reduce AL in patients with oesophageal cancer or Siewert I-II esophagogastric junction cancer.

Catheter-Directed Therapies in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism: Predictive Factors of In-Hospital Mortality and Long-Term Follow-Up.

(1) Background: Catheter-directed therapies (CDT) may be considered for selected patients with pulmonary embolism (PE); (2) Methods: Retrospective observational study including all consecutive patients with acute PE undergoing CDT (mechanical or pharmacomechanical) from January 2010 through December 2020. The aim was to evaluate in-hospital and long-term mortality and its predictive factors; (3) Results: We included 63 patients, 43 (68.3%) with high-risk PE. All patients underwent mechanical CDT and, additionally, 27 (43%) underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis. Twelve (19%) patients received failed systemic thrombolysis (ST) prior to CDT, and an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter was inserted in 28 (44.5%) patients. In-hospital PE-related and all-cause mortality rates were 31.7%; 95% CI 20.6-44.7% and 42.9%; 95% CI 30.5-56%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, age > 70 years and previous ST were strongly associated with PE-related and all-cause mortality, while IVC filter insertion during the CDT was associated with lower mortality rates. After a median follow-up of 40 (12-60) months, 11 more patients died (mortality rate of 60.3%; 95% CI 47.2-72.4%). Long-term survival was significantly higher in patients who received an IVC filter; (4) Conclusions: Age > 70 years and failure of previous ST were associated with mortality in acute PE patients treated with CDT. In-hospital and long-term mortality were lower in patients who received IVC filter insertion.

Linfografía y embolización del conducto torácico como tratamiento del quilotórax tras esofagectomía por cáncer de esófago / Lymphography and embolization of the thoracic duct as a treatment for chylothorax after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer

Introducción: El quilotórax es una complicación poco frecuente en las esofagectomías pero que se asocia a un aumento de la mortalidad posquirúrgica. Se han descrito diversos factores que pueden incrementar su aparición y el tratamiento del mismo es controvertido, siendo la linfografía con embolización percutánea del conducto torácico uno de los usados por varios grupos. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes a los que se les realizó una esofagectomía por cáncer de esófago o de la unión esofagogástrica a Siewert I/II entre enero del 2010 y abril del 2019, y desarrollaron un quilotórax como complicación. Se analizan datos epidemiológicos, el tipo de cirugía, la morbilidad y el tratamiento. Resultados: Se realizaron 274 esofagectomías por cáncer en el período comprendido. Trece pacientes (4,7%) fueron diagnosticados de quilotórax en el postoperatorio; 3 se resolvieron con tratamiento conservador. En los 10 pacientes restantes se realizó linfografía con punción de la cisterna de Pécquet y embolización del conducto torácico, con resolución del quilotórax en 9. Un paciente (10%) presentó una fístula biliar después del procedimiento. Conclusiones: La linfografía con punción de la cisterna de Pécquet y embolización del conducto torácico es una técnica con baja morbilidad y buenos resultados en la resolución del quilotórax postesofagectomía. (AU)

Introduction: Chylothorax is a rare complication in esophagectomies that is associated with increased postoperative mortality. Several factors have been described that may favor its appearance. Its treatment is controversial, and lymphography with percutaneous embolization of the thoracic duct is used by several groups. Material and method: Our retrospective study included patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus or the esophagogastric junction (Siewert I/II) between January 2010 and April 2019 and developed chylothorax as a complication. Epidemiological data, type of surgery, morbidity and treatment were analyzed. Results: 274 cancer-related esophagectomies were performed in the study period. Thirteen patients (4.7%) were diagnosed with chylothorax in the postoperative period; 3 were resolved with conservative treatment. In the remaining 10 patients, lymphography was performed with aspiration of the cisterna chyli and thoracic duct embolization, which resolved the chylothorax in 9. One patient (10%) presented a biliary fístula after the procedure. Conclusions: Lymphography with aspiration of the cisterna chyli and thoracic duct embolization is a technique with low morbidity that provides good results for the resolution of chylothorax after esophagectomy. (AU)

Non-retrieved inferior vena cava filters: causes and long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Temporary inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are not always retrieved. Information about long-term outcomes of patients with indwelling filters is scarce. Aims of our study were to assess reasons that preclude retrieval of temporary IVC filters and long-term outcomes and causes of death in patients with indwelling filters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study including all consecutive patients undergoing IVC filter insertion from January 2009 through December 2018. Patients with permanent filters and those with temporary filters not retrieved were followed from insertion until June 2020. RESULTS: We included 271 patients with a mean age of 63.8 years. The main indication for filter insertion was acute venous thromboembolism and contraindication for anticoagulation (83%). The filter was deemed as permanent in 24.4% of patients and temporary in 75.6%. Sixty six percent of temporary filters were retrieved; the main cause of non-retrieval was lack of planning / follow-up (57.9%). One hundred twelve patients (41.3%) remained with indwelling filters. After follow-up, 54.5% were alive and 45.5% had died, with a median survival time of 6.19 (95% CI, 2.63-9.75) years. The most frequent cause of death during follow-up was cancer (49%). The frequency of anticoagulant therapy was similar in both groups (57.4%% versus 54.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The main preventable cause of non-retrieval of temporary IVC filters was lack of planning / follow-up. Structured follow-up programs should be implemented to increase retrieval rates. In patients with indwelling filters, the main cause of death was cancer and extended anticoagulation was not associated with survival.

Lymphography and embolization of the thoracic duct as a treatment for chylothorax after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. / Linfografía y embolización del conducto torácico como tratamiento del quilotórax tras esofagectomía por cáncer de esófago.

INTRODUCTION: Chylothorax is a rare complication in esophagectomies that is associated with increased postoperative mortality. Several factors have been described that may favor its appearance. Its treatment is controversial, and lymphography with percutaneous embolization of the thoracic duct is used by several groups. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Our retrospective study included patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus or the esophagogastric junction (Siewert I/II) between January 2010 and April 2019 and developed chylothorax as a complication. Epidemiological data, type of surgery, morbidity and treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: 274 cancer-related esophagectomies were performed in the study period. Thirteen patients (4.7%) were diagnosed with chylothorax in the postoperative period; 3 were resolved with conservative treatment. In the remaining 10 patients, lymphography was performed with aspiration of the cisterna chyli and thoracic duct embolization, which resolved the chylothorax in 9. One patient (10%) presented a biliary fístula after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphography with aspiration of the cisterna chyli and thoracic duct embolization is a technique with low morbidity that provides good results for the resolution of chylothorax after esophagectomy.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Risk Factors and Endoscopic Findings.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and endoscopic findings in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). METHODS: This is a prospective study from a referral HHT unit. Endoscopic tests were performed when there was suspicion of GI bleeding, and patients were divided as follows: with, without, and with unsuspected GI involvement. RESULTS: 67 (27.9%) patients with, 28 (11.7%) patients without, and 145 (60.4%) with unsuspected GI involvement were included. Age, tobacco use, endoglin (ENG) mutation, and hemoglobin were associated with GI involvement. Telangiectases were mostly in the stomach and duodenum, but 18.5% of patients with normal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) had GI involvement in video capsule endoscopy (VCE). Telangiectases ≤ 3 mm and ≤10 per location were most common. Among patients with GI disease, those with hemoglobin < 8 g/dL or transfusion requirements (65.7%) were older and had higher epistaxis severity score (ESS) and larger telangiectases (>3 mm). After a mean follow-up of 34.2 months, patients with GI involvement required more transfusions and more emergency department and hospital admissions, with no differences in mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for GI involvement have been identified. Patients with GI involvement and severe anemia had larger telangiectases and higher ESS. VCE should be considered in patients with suspicion of GI bleeding, even if EGD is normal.

Complicaciones del tratamiento de la oclusión del colon distal con prótesis endoluminales / Complications of distal intestinal occlusion treatment with endoluminal implants

Introducción La elevada morbimortalidad de la cirugía de urgencias, ha favorecido la utilización de prótesis endoluminales metálicas autoexpandibles (stents) en el manejo de la oclusión de colon. El objetivo del estudio fue revisar los resultados en el manejo en una Unidad de Cirugía Colorectal del tratamiento de la oclusión de colon, en aquellos pacientes a los que se les colocó un stent y la relación entre quimioterapia y complicaciones. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes tratados con un stent entre 2004 y 2010, en un hospital universitario. Resultados Fueron tratados 93 pacientes, 77 se consideraron paliativos por neoplasia de colon estadio IV con metástasis irresecables, compresión extrínseca o infiltración de neoplasia extracólica irresecable o por un performance status > 2. Otras indicaciones fueron 7 pacientes ASA IV con insuficiencia renal aguda, 6 por enfermedad benigna y 3 por otras causas. La mortalidad global fue del 17,2%.Los éxitos técnico y clínico del procedimiento fueron del 93,5% y del 78,5% respectivamente. La oclusión tardía fue del 19,3% y la perforación del 6,4%. Migración y hemorragia digestiva 2,1% cada una y el tenesmo del 1,1%. No observamos diferencias significativas entre complicaciones y tratamiento con quimioterapia. Conclusiones Los stents como tratamiento definitivo en pacientes paliativos con y sin quimioterapia son una alternativa terapéutica no exenta de complicaciones. Creemos que en pacientes con factores de riesgo de mortalidad y pacientes con tumores con metástasis irresecables podría ser el tratamiento inicial de elección (AU)

Introduction: The high morbidity and mortality of emergency surgery, has led to the use of endoluminal self-expanding metal implants (stents) in the management of intestinalocclusion. The purpose of this study was to review the results of the management of intestinalocclusion treatment in a Colorectal Surgery Unit in those patients who had a stent implant, and the relationship between chemotherapy and complications. Material and methods: A retrospective study was carried out on patients treated with a stent in a university hospital between 2004 and 2010.Results: A total of 93 patients were treated, of which 77 were considered palliative for a stage IV neoplasm of the colon with non-resectable metastases or due to a performance status > 2.Other indications were 7 ASA IV patients with acute renal failure, 6 with benign disease, and3 due to other causes. The technical and clinical success of the procedure was 93.5% and 78.5%, respectively. Delayed occlusion was 19.3% and perforation 6.4%. There was migration (2.1%) and intestinal bleeding (2.1%) and 1.1% with tenesmus. No significant differences were seen between complications and chemotherapy. The overall mortality was 17.2%.Conclusions: Stents, as a definitive treatment option in palliative patients with and without chemotherapy, is an alternative treatment that is not exempt from complications. We believe that in patients with mortality risk factors and patients with tumours with non resectable metastases it could be the initial treatment of choice (AU)

[Complications of distal intestinal occlusion treatment with endoluminal implants]. / Complicaciones del tratamiento de la oclusión del colon distal con prótesis endoluminales.

INTRODUCTION: The high morbidity and mortality of emergency surgery, has led to the use of endoluminal self-expanding metal implants (stents) in the management of intestinal occlusion. The purpose of this study was to review the results of the management of intestinal occlusion treatment in a Colorectal Surgery Unit in those patients who had a stent implant, and the relationship between chemotherapy and complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on patients treated with a stent in a university hospital between 2004 and 2010. RESULTS: A total of 93 patients were treated, of which 77 were considered palliative for a stage IV neoplasm of the colon with non-resectable metastases or due to a performance status > 2. Other indications were 7 ASA IV patients with acute renal failure, 6 with benign disease, and 3 due to other causes. The technical and clinical success of the procedure was 93.5% and 78.5%, respectively. Delayed occlusion was 19.3% and perforation 6.4%. There was migration (2.1%) and intestinal bleeding (2.1%) and 1.1% with tenesmus. No significant differences were seen between complications and chemotherapy. The overall mortality was 17.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Stents, as a definitive treatment option in palliative patients with and without chemotherapy, is an alternative treatment that is not exempt from complications. We believe that in patients with mortality risk factors and patients with tumours with non-resectable metastases it could be the initial treatment of choice.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on the waiting list for orthotopic liver transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) before undergoing liver transplantation at our institution. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From January 2000 to August 2005, 56 patients with HCC underwent TACE before orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Radiologic findings before and after TACE were assessed and correlated with histologic findings after OLT. The area of induced necrosis was pathologically evaluated in each HCC nodule. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one HCC nodules were detected at histologic study. One hundred seventeen HCC nodules (91.4%) were hyperenhancing in the arterial phase on the preoperative imaging studies. The percentage of tumor necrosis was greater than 90% in 48 nodules (38%), between 50% and 90% in 19 nodules (15%), and less than 50% in 61 nodules (48%); tumor necrosis data were not recorded for the remaining three nodules. The size of the preoperatively detected lesions ranged from 0.2 to 9 cm (mean, 2.58 cm). The mean percentage of tumor necrosis was 67.8% in this group, but it rose to 79.2% in the hypervascular lesions. The size of the nodules that were not detected preoperatively ranged from 0.1 to 1.9 cm (mean, 0.68 cm), and the mean percentage of tumor necrosis was only 1.57%. CONCLUSION: TACE is a safe treatment in well-selected patients. Its antitumoral effect is high in hypervascular lesions (mean necrosis, 79.2%). It provides good local control in preoperatively diagnosed HCC (mean necrosis, 67.8%), but its impact is limited in lesions not detected preoperatively (mean necrosis, 1.57%).

Fat in the liver: diagnosis and characterization.

The purpose of this article is to provide an update on imaging techniques useful for detection and characterization of fat in the liver. Imaging findings of liver steatosis, both diffuse steatosis and focal fatty change, as well as focal fatty sparing, are presented. In addition, we will review computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) findings of focal liver lesions with fatty metamorphosis, including hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatocellular adenoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, angiomyolipoma, lipoma, and metastases.

Conocimientos sobre salud bucal y principales enfermedades bucales en embarazadas del Policlínico Pedro Borras / Knowledge of oral health and main oral diseases in pregnant women from Pedro Borras Outpatient Clinic

Se presentaron los resultados de una investigaci¢n descriptiva, longitudinal y prospectiva, con una muestra constituída por 65 mujeres embarazadas pertenecientes a los Consejos Populares Ceferino Fernández y Carlos Manuel de Céspedes del Policlínico Pedro Borras Astorga del municipio Pinar del Río durante los años 2000 2001, con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de estas embarazadas y diagnosticar las principales enfermedades bucales que presentan. Se aplicó un cuestionario creado al efecto, y se desarrollaron actividades de promoción de salud con la totalidad de la muestra. Se realizó el examen bucal a cada una de ellas y se revisaron sus historias clínicas.El índice C.O.P (cariados.obturados perdidos, estaba elevado al inicio de la investigación, las caries dental y la gingivitis fueron las enfermedades bucales más frecuentes encontradas. El nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal fue malo al inicio, el cual mejoró considerablemente al finalizar la investigación. Se utilizó el método estadístico valor porcentual. Se tuvo en cuenta las normas éticas establecidas...(AU)

Algunos aspectos epidemiológicos y conocimientos sobre salud en ancianos de casas de abuelos: Pinar del Río: 2003 / Some epidemiological aspects and knowledge about oral health in aged people from senoir homes

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo con 80 pacientes pertenecientes a la Casa de Abuelos del municipio Pinar del Río, durante los meses de enero a junio de 2003, con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de estos ancianos y validar la eficacia de las técnicas de educación para la salud. Teniendo como información previa que el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de los ancianos era deficiente, a partir de ella desarrollamos técnicas educativas con este grupo de ancianos periódicamente, logrando elevar el nivel de información sobre salud bucal, lo que validó la eficacia de las técnicas educativas aplicadas.Además se demostró que la mayoría de los ancianos del estudio se encuentran entre 60 y 69 años, del sexo femenino, y con un nivel de escolaridad de primaria sin terminar, predominando la ingestión de café como hábito tóxico más frecuente. Se tuvieron en cuenta las normas éticas establecidas. Se utilizó el método estadístico de valor porcentual...(AU)

Biliary complications after liver transplantation: diagnosis with MR cholangiopancreatography.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) as the only imaging procedure used in the diagnosis and management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). CONCLUSION: MRCP is a useful imaging procedure in the assessment of biliary complications after OLT.

Conocimientos sobre salud bucal y principales enfermedades bucales en embarazadas del Policlinico Pedro Borras / Knowlegde of oral health and main oral diseases in pregnant women from Pedro Borras Outpatient Clinic

Se presentaron los resultados de una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal y prospectiva, con una muestra constituída por 65 mujeres embarazadas pertenecientes a los Consejos Populares Ceferino Fernández y Carlos Manuel de Céspedes del Policl¡nico Pedro Borras Astorga del municipio Pinar del Rio durante los años 2000 - 2001, con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de estas embarazadas y diagnosticar las principales enfermedades bucales que presentan. Se aplicó un cuestionario creado al efecto, y se desarrollaron actividades de promoción de salud con la totalidad de la muestra. Se realizó el examen bucal a cada una de ellas y se revisaron sus historias clínicas.El índice C.O.P (cariados.obturados.perdidos) estaba elevado al inicio de la investigación, las caries dental y la gingivitis fueron las enfermedades bucales más frecuentes encontradas. El nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal fue malo al inicio, el cual mejoró considerablemente al finalizar la investigación. Se utilizó el método estadístico valor porcentual. Se tuvo en cuenta las normas éticas establecidas (AU)

Algunos aspectos epidemiológicos y conocimientos sobre salud bucal en ancianos de casa de abuelos / Some epidemiological aspects anmd knowledge about oral health in aged people from Senior Homes

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo con 80 pacientes pertenecientes a la Casa de Abuelos del municipio Pinar del Río, durante los meses de enero a junio de 2003, con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de estos ancianos y validar la eficacia de las técnicas de educación para la salud. Teniendo como información previa que el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de los ancianos era deficiente, y a partir de ella desarrollamos técnicas educativas con este grupo de ancianos periódicamente, logrando elevar el nivel de informaci¢n sobre salud bucal, lo que validó la eficacia de las técnicas educativas aplicadas.Además se demostró que la mayoría de los ancianos del estudio se encuentran entre 60 y 69 años, del sexo femenino, y con un nivel de escolaridad de primaria sin terminar, predominando la ingestión de café‚ como hábito tóxico más frecuente. Se tuvieron en cuenta las normas ‚éticas establecidas. Se utilizó el método estadístico de valor porcentual (AU)